Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in JavaScript

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that structures code around objects, which represent real-world entities with properties (data) and methods (functions that operate on the data). 

Key Concepts in OOP:

1. Objects:

   • An object is a fundamental building block in OOP.
   • It encapsulates data (properties) and behavior (methods) within a single unit.

2. Classes:

   • A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects.
   • It defines the properties and methods that objects of that class will have.

3. Inheritance:

   • Inheritance allows you to create new classes (subclasses) that inherit properties and methods from existing classes (superclasses).
   • This promotes code reusability and reduces redundancy.

4. 1. Encapsulation:

      • Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit (an object or class).
      • It helps protect data from unauthorized access and modification.

   2. Polymorphism:

      • Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common type.
      • It enables you to write more flexible and reusable code.

   Benefits of OOP in JavaScript:

   • Code Reusability: Inheritance allows you to reuse code and avoid duplication.
   • Modularity: OOP promotes modularity by breaking down complex systems into smaller, manageable objects.
   • Maintainability: Encapsulation makes code easier to maintain and modify.
   • Flexibility: Polymorphism allows for more flexible and adaptable code.

   By understanding and applying the principles of OOP, you can write more organized, efficient, and maintainable JavaScript code.